56), the Homeric form being Persephoneia. § 1.) Her name is commonly derived from pherein phonon, "to bring" or "cause death," and the form Persephone occurs first in Hesiod ( Theog. PERSE′PHONE (Persephonê), in Latin Proserpina, the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. THE ERINYES (by Haides) (Orphic Hymns 29 & 70) ZAGREUS (by Zeus) (Orphic Hymn 29, Hyginus Fabulae 155, Diodorus Siculus 4.4.1, Nonnus Dionysiaca 6.155, Suidas s.v. ZEUS & STYX (Apollodorus 1.13) OFFSPRING ZEUS & DEMETER (Hesiod Theogony 912, Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter, Apollodorus 1.29, Pausanias, Ovid Metamorphoses 5.501, Ovid Fasti 4.575, Nonnus Dionysiaca 5.562, et al) At other times she appears enthroned beside Haides. Sometimes she was shown in the company of her mother Demeter, and the hero Triptolemos, the teacher of agriculture.
Persephone was usually depicted as a young goddess holding sheafs of grain and a flaming torch. In other myths, Persephone appears exclusively as the queen of the underworld, receiving the likes of Herakles and Orpheus at her court. Her return to the underworld in winter, conversely, saw the dying down of plants and the halting of growth. Her annual return to the earth in spring was marked by the flowering of the meadows and the sudden growth of the new grain. Zeus consented, but because the girl had tasted of the food of Haides-a handful of pomegranate seeds-she was forced to forever spend a part of the year with her husband in the underworld. When she learned that Zeus had conspired in her daughter's abduction she was furious, and refused to let the earth fruit until Persephone was returned. Her mother Demeter despaired at her dissappearance and searched for her the throughout the world accompanied by the goddess Hekate (Hecate) bearing torches. Once upon a time when she was playing in a flowery meadow with her Nymph companions, Kore was seized by Haides and carried off to the underworld as his bride. Persephone was titled Kore (Core) (the Maiden) as the goddess of spring's bounty.
This agricultural-based cult promised its initiates passage to a blessed afterlife. She was also the goddess of spring growth, who was worshipped alongside her mother Demeter in the Eleusinian Mysteries. PERSEPHONE was the goddess queen of the underworld, wife of the god Haides (Hades). Destroy-Slay Persephone, Athenian red-figure bell krater C5th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art
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